Millennium Indicators Database

Goals, targets and indicators

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

Indicators
1. Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day (World Bank)^a
2. Poverty gap ratio (incidence x depth of poverty) (World Bank)
3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (World Bank)

Target 2.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Indicators
4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age (UNICEF - WHO)
5. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (FAO)

Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education

Target 3.
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Indicators
6. Net enrolment ratio in primary education, girls, boys, total (UNESCO)
7. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5, girls, boys, total (UNESCO)
8. Literacy rate of 15-24-year-olds, women, men, total (UNESCO)

Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women

Target 4.
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and to all levels of education no later than 2015

Indicators
9. Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education (UNESCO)
10. Ratio of literate women to men of 15- to 24-year-olds (UNESCO)
11. Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (ILO)
12. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (IPU)

Goal 4. Reduce child mortality

Target 5.
Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

Indicators
13. Under-five mortality rate (UNICEF - WHO)
14. Infant mortality rate (UNICEF - WHO)
15. Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measles (UNICEF - WHO)

Goal 5. Improve maternal health

Target 6. Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Indicators
16. Maternal mortality ratio (UNICEF - WHO)
17. Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (UNICEF - WHO)

Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Target 7
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Indicators
18. HIV prevalence among 15-to-24-year-old pregnant women (UNAIDS-UNICEF-WHO)
19. Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate (UNAIDS, UNICEF, UN Population Division, WHO)^b
20. Number of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS (UNICEF-UNAIDS) ^c

Target 8.
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Indicators
21. Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria (WHO)
22. Proportion of population in malaria risk areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measures (UNICEF - WHO)^d
23. Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis (WHO)
24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) (WHO)

Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability

Target 9.
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Indicators
25. Proportion of land area covered by forest (FAO)
26. Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area (UNEP-IUCN)
27. Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1 GDP (PPP) (IEA, UNSD, World Bank)
28. Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita) (UNFCCC, UNSD) and consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs (ODP tons) (UNEP-Ozone Secretariat)
29. Proportion of population using solid fuels (WHO)

Target 10.
Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water

Indicators
30. Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural (UNICEF - WHO)

Target 11.
By 2020 to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Indicators
31. Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation (UNICEF - WHO)
32. Proportion of households with access to secure tenure (HABITAT)

Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

Indicators for targets 12-15 are given below in a combined list.

Target 12.
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system.
Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction - both nationally and internationally

Target 13.
Address the special needs of the least developed countries.
Includes: tariff and quota-free access for least-developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPCs and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction

Target 14.
Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)

Target 15.
Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked countries and small island developing States

Indicators

Official development assistance

33. Net ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors' gross national income (OECD)
34. Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) (OECD)
35. Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC donors that is untied (OECD)
36. ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNIs (OECD)
37. ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of their GNIs (OECD)

Market access

38. Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and from LDCs, admitted free of duties (UNCTAD)
39. Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries (UNCTAD)
40. Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage of their GDP (OECD)
41. Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity (OECD, WTO) ^e

Debt sustainability

42. Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) (IMF - World Bank) (see indicator 43 below)
43. Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US$ (IMF - World Bank)
44. Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services (IMF - World Bank)

Target 16.
In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth

Indicators
45. Unemployment rate of 15- to 24-year-olds, each sex and total (ILO) ^f

Target 17.
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

Indicators
46. Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis (WHO)

Target 18.
In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Indicators
47. Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 population (ITU)
48. Personal computers in use per 100 population (ITU) and Internet users per 100 population (ITU)

Footnotes:
^a For monitoring country poverty trends, indicators based on national poverty lines should be used, where available.
^b Amongst contraceptive methods, only condoms are effective in preventing HIV transmission. The contraceptive prevalence rate is also useful in tracking progress in other health, gender and poverty goals. Because the condom use rate is only measured amongst women in union, it will be supplemented by an indicator on condom use in high risk situations. These indicators will be augmented with an indicator of knowledge and misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS by 15-24 year-olds (UNICEF - WHO).
^c To be measured by the ratio of proportion of orphans to non-orphans aged 10-14 who are attending school.
^d Prevention to be measured by the percentage of under 5s sleeping under insecticide treated bednets; treatment to be measured by percentage of under 5s who are appropriately treated
^e OECD and WTO are collecting data that will be available from 2001 onwards.
^f An improved measure of the target is under development by ILO for future years.