Indicators on water supply and sanitation
Source: World Health Organization and UNICEF.
Country or area
|
Total
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
Total
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Afghanistan |
13
|
19
|
11
|
12
|
25
|
8
|
| Albania |
97
|
99
|
95
|
91
|
99
|
85
|
| Algeria |
89
|
94
|
82
|
92
|
99
|
81
|
| Andorra |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Angola |
38
|
34
|
40
|
44
|
70
|
30
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
91
|
95
|
89
|
95
|
98
|
94
|
| Australia |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Austria |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Azerbaijan |
78
|
93
|
58
|
81
|
90
|
70
|
| Bahamas |
97
|
98
|
86
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Bangladesh |
97
|
99
|
97
|
48
|
71
|
41
|
| Barbados |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Belarus |
100
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Belize |
92
|
100
|
82
|
50
|
71
|
25
|
| Benin |
63
|
74
|
55
|
23
|
46
|
6
|
| Bhutan |
62
|
86
|
60
|
70
|
65
|
70
|
| Bolivia |
83
|
95
|
64
|
70
|
86
|
42
|
| Botswana |
95
|
100
|
90
|
66
|
88
|
43
|
| Brazil |
87
|
95
|
53
|
76
|
84
|
43
|
| Bulgaria |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Burkina Faso |
42
|
66
|
37
|
29
|
39
|
27
|
| Burundi |
78
|
91
|
77
|
88
|
68
|
90
|
| Cambodia |
30
|
54
|
26
|
17
|
56
|
10
|
| Cameroon |
58
|
78
|
39
|
79
|
92
|
66
|
| Canada |
100
|
100
|
99
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
| Cape Verde |
74
|
64
|
89
|
71
|
95
|
32
|
| Central African Rep. |
70
|
89
|
57
|
25
|
38
|
16
|
| Chad |
27
|
31
|
26
|
29
|
81
|
13
|
| Chile |
93
|
99
|
58
|
96
|
96
|
97
|
| China a |
75
|
94
|
66
|
40
|
69
|
27
|
| Colombia |
91
|
99
|
70
|
86
|
96
|
56
|
| Comoros |
96
|
98
|
95
|
98
|
98
|
98
|
| Congo |
51
|
71
|
17
|
...
|
14
|
...
|
| Costa Rica |
95
|
99
|
92
|
93
|
89
|
97
|
| Cote d'Ivoire |
81
|
92
|
72
|
52
|
71
|
35
|
| Cuba |
91
|
95
|
77
|
98
|
99
|
95
|
| Cyprus |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Dem. Rep. of the Congo |
45
|
89
|
26
|
21
|
54
|
6
|
| Denmark |
100
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Djibouti |
100
|
100
|
100
|
91
|
99
|
50
|
| Dominica |
97
|
100
|
90
|
83
|
86
|
75
|
| Dominican Republic |
86
|
90
|
78
|
67
|
70
|
60
|
| Ecuador |
85
|
90
|
75
|
86
|
92
|
74
|
| Egypt |
97
|
99
|
96
|
98
|
100
|
96
|
| El Salvador |
77
|
91
|
64
|
82
|
89
|
76
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
44
|
45
|
42
|
53
|
60
|
46
|
| Eritrea |
46
|
63
|
42
|
13
|
66
|
1
|
| Estonia |
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
93
|
...
|
| Ethiopia |
24
|
81
|
12
|
12
|
33
|
7
|
| Fiji |
47
|
43
|
51
|
43
|
75
|
12
|
| Finland |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Gabon |
86
|
95
|
47
|
53
|
55
|
43
|
| Gambia |
62
|
80
|
53
|
37
|
41
|
35
|
| Georgia |
79
|
90
|
61
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
| Ghana |
73
|
91
|
62
|
72
|
74
|
70
|
| Grenada |
95
|
97
|
93
|
97
|
96
|
97
|
| Guatemala |
92
|
98
|
88
|
81
|
83
|
79
|
| Guinea |
48
|
72
|
36
|
58
|
94
|
41
|
| Guinea...Bissau |
56
|
79
|
49
|
56
|
95
|
44
|
| Guyana |
94
|
98
|
91
|
87
|
97
|
81
|
| Haiti |
46
|
49
|
45
|
28
|
50
|
16
|
| Honduras |
88
|
95
|
81
|
75
|
93
|
55
|
| Hungary |
99
|
100
|
98
|
99
|
100
|
98
|
| India |
84
|
95
|
79
|
28
|
61
|
15
|
| Indonesia |
78
|
90
|
69
|
55
|
69
|
46
|
| Iran |
92
|
98
|
83
|
83
|
86
|
79
|
| Iraq |
85
|
96
|
48
|
79
|
93
|
31
|
| Jamaica |
92
|
98
|
85
|
99
|
99
|
99
|
| Jordan |
96
|
100
|
84
|
99
|
100
|
98
|
| Kazakstan |
91
|
98
|
82
|
99
|
100
|
98
|
| Kenya |
57
|
88
|
42
|
87
|
96
|
82
|
| Kiribati |
48
|
82
|
25
|
48
|
54
|
44
|
| Korea, Dem. People's Rep. |
100
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
99
|
100
|
| Korea, Republic of |
92
|
97
|
71
|
63
|
76
|
4
|
| Kyrgyzstan |
77
|
98
|
66
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Lao People's Dem Rep. |
37
|
61
|
29
|
30
|
67
|
19
|
| Lebanon |
100
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
100
|
87
|
| Lesotho |
78
|
88
|
74
|
49
|
72
|
40
|
| Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |
72
|
72
|
68
|
97
|
97
|
96
|
| Madagascar |
47
|
85
|
31
|
42
|
70
|
30
|
| Malawi |
57
|
95
|
44
|
76
|
96
|
70
|
| Malaysia |
...
|
...
|
94
|
...
|
...
|
98
|
| Maldives |
100
|
100
|
100
|
56
|
100
|
41
|
| Mali |
65
|
74
|
61
|
69
|
93
|
58
|
| Malta |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Mauritania |
37
|
34
|
40
|
33
|
44
|
19
|
| Mauritius |
100
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
100
|
99
|
| Mexico |
88
|
95
|
69
|
74
|
88
|
34
|
| Monaco |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Mongolia |
60
|
77
|
30
|
30
|
46
|
2
|
| Morocco |
80
|
98
|
56
|
68
|
86
|
44
|
| Mozambique |
57
|
81
|
41
|
43
|
68
|
26
|
| Myanmar |
72
|
89
|
66
|
64
|
84
|
57
|
| Namibia |
77
|
100
|
67
|
41
|
96
|
17
|
| Nepal |
88
|
94
|
87
|
28
|
73
|
22
|
| Netherlands |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| New Zealand |
...
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Nicaragua |
77
|
91
|
59
|
85
|
95
|
72
|
| Niger |
59
|
70
|
56
|
20
|
79
|
5
|
| Nigeria |
62
|
78
|
49
|
54
|
66
|
45
|
| Norway |
100
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Occupied Palestinian Terr. |
86
|
97
|
86
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Oman |
39
|
41
|
30
|
92
|
98
|
61
|
| Pakistan |
90
|
95
|
87
|
62
|
95
|
43
|
| Palau |
79
|
100
|
20
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Panama |
90
|
99
|
79
|
92
|
99
|
83
|
| Papua New Guinea |
42
|
88
|
32
|
82
|
92
|
80
|
| Paraguay |
78
|
93
|
59
|
94
|
94
|
93
|
| Peru |
80
|
87
|
62
|
71
|
79
|
49
|
| Republic of Moldova |
92
|
97
|
88
|
99
|
100
|
98
|
| Philippines |
86
|
91
|
79
|
83
|
93
|
69
|
| Romania |
58
|
91
|
16
|
53
|
86
|
10
|
| Russian Federation |
99
|
100
|
96
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Rwanda |
41
|
60
|
40
|
8
|
12
|
8
|
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
98
|
...
|
...
|
96
|
...
|
...
|
| Saint Lucia |
98
|
...
|
...
|
89
|
...
|
...
|
| Saint Vincent/Grenadines |
93
|
...
|
...
|
96
|
...
|
...
|
| Samoa |
99
|
95
|
100
|
99
|
95
|
100
|
| Saudi Arabia |
95
|
100
|
64
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Senegal |
78
|
92
|
65
|
70
|
94
|
48
|
| Sierra Leone |
57
|
75
|
46
|
66
|
88
|
53
|
| Singapore |
100
|
100
|
...
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
| Slovakia |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Slovenia |
100
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Solomon Islands |
71
|
94
|
65
|
34
|
98
|
18
|
| South Africa |
86
|
99
|
73
|
87
|
93
|
80
|
| Sri Lanka |
77
|
98
|
70
|
94
|
97
|
93
|
| Sudan |
75
|
86
|
69
|
62
|
87
|
48
|
| Surinam |
82
|
93
|
50
|
93
|
99
|
75
|
| Sweden |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Switzerland |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Syrian Arab Republic |
80
|
94
|
64
|
90
|
98
|
81
|
| Tajikistan |
60
|
93
|
47
|
90
|
97
|
88
|
| Thailand |
84
|
95
|
81
|
96
|
96
|
96
|
| Togo |
54
|
85
|
38
|
34
|
69
|
17
|
| Tonga |
100
|
100
|
100
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
90
|
...
|
...
|
99
|
...
|
...
|
| Tunisia |
80
|
92
|
58
|
84
|
96
|
62
|
| Turkey |
82
|
81
|
86
|
90
|
97
|
70
|
| Uganda |
52
|
80
|
47
|
79
|
93
|
77
|
| Ukraine |
98
|
100
|
94
|
99
|
100
|
98
|
| United Rep. of Tanzania |
68
|
90
|
57
|
90
|
99
|
86
|
| United Kingdom |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| United States |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Uruguay |
98
|
98
|
93
|
94
|
95
|
85
|
| Uzbekistan |
85
|
94
|
79
|
89
|
97
|
85
|
| Vanuatu |
88
|
63
|
94
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| Venezuela |
83
|
85
|
70
|
68
|
71
|
48
|
| Viet Nam |
77
|
95
|
72
|
47
|
82
|
38
|
| Yemen |
69
|
74
|
68
|
38
|
89
|
21
|
| Yugoslavia |
98
|
99
|
97
|
100
|
100
|
99
|
| Zambia |
64
|
88
|
48
|
78
|
99
|
64
|
| Zimbabwe |
83
|
100
|
73
|
62
|
71
|
57
|
Sources:
World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),
Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report and
updates provided by UNICEF to the United Nations Millennium Indicator
Database.
Footnotes:
| ... |
Not available. |
|
a
|
For statistical purposes the
data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative
Regions and Taiwan province of China. |
Technical notes:
Coverage estimates shown are derived from information
collected from two main sources: assessment questionnaires and household
surveys. Assessment questionnaires were sent to all WHO country representatives,
to be completed in liaison with local UNICEF staff and relevant national
agencies involved in providing water supply and sanitation services, and
returned with the endorsement of government officials. Household survey
data included those obtained from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS)
and UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The DHS and MICS
are national cluster sample surveys, covering several thousand households
in each country. They collect information, at the household level, on
the main source of drinking water used, as well as the sanitation facility.
In arriving at the coverage estimates for water and sanitation presented
here, preference was given to survey data. Where a substantial difference
in coverage was observed between the two main sources, survey results
and the national estimates provided by the assessment questionnaire were
reviewed together to determine the best estimate. Where survey data were
not available, the estimates provided by the country through the assessment
questionnaire were used.
Access to water supply and sanitation is defined in terms
of the types of technology and levels of service afforded. For water,
this included house connections, public standpipes, boreholes with handpumps,
protected dug wells, protected springs and rainwater collection; allowance
was also made for other locally defined technologies. “Reasonable access”
was broadly defined as the availability of at least 20 litres per person
per day from a source within one kilometre of the user's dwelling. Sanitation
was defined to include connection to a sewer or septic tank system, pour...flush
latrine, simple pit or ventilated improved pit latrine, again with allowance
for acceptable local technologies.
While the type of water source and the type of excreta
disposal facility can be associated with the quality of water and the
adequacy of disposal, respectively, they cannot adequately measure population
coverage of safe water or of sanitary excreta disposal.
Access to water and sanitation does not imply that the level of service
or quality of water is “adequate” or “safe”. Furthermore, the assessment
questionnaire did not include any methodology for discounting coverage
figures to allow for intermittence or poor quality of the water supplies.
Hence, the coverage estimates presented represent the population covered
by improved water sources and improved sanitary facilities.
The assessment did not provide a standard definition
of urban or rural areas. The countries' own working definition of urban
and rural was used.
|
